(A) Long-term expression of lacZ gene in DRG. Ad or HDAd vectors (1 × 108 vp) were injected into C57BL/6 wild-type mice, and DRG was isolated at the indicated time points for quantitation of LacZ mRNA, normalized to β-actin mRNA. Results are expressed relative to day 5. (B–D) Targeted HDAd vector induces less inflammation. CSF was collected at the indicated time points, and cytokines IL-6 (B), TNF-α (C), and IL-1β (D) were measured by ELISA. *P < 0.01, **P < 0.05 versus HV-WF; #P < 0.01, ##P < 0.05 versus HDAd-WF-βgeo; ‡P < 0.001, †P < 0.01, ††P < 0.05 versus respective HV.