Figure 4.

The effects of osteotropic and angiogenic cytokines on Primary Human Osteoblast apoptosis in vitro. Osteoblast apoptosis was determined by Annexin V- Fluorescein Isothiocyanate labelling and hypodiploid DNA measurement as described in Materials and Methods. IGF-1: insulin like growth factor -1, VEGF 165: vascular endothelial growth factor isotype 165, PlGF: placental like growth factor, bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor, PDGF: platelet derived growth factor. Data illustrates mean +/- standard error of the mean in each case. The results were derived from six separate experiments, with triplicates performed in each experiment. * p < 0.05 represents statistically significant differences compared to control, ^&p < 0.05 represents statistically significant differences compared to IGF-1, PlGF, bFGF and PDGF.