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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Jun 25.
Published in final edited form as: J Theor Biol. 2007 Feb 6;246(4):755–761. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.01.022

Fig.2. Signaling motifis.

Fig.2

A. positive feedforward; B. positive feedback; C. negative feedforward; D. negative feedback. S represents the stimulus and R the effector protein. Xk (k=1,K), Yl (l=1,L), Zm (m=1,M), and Un (n=1,N) represent the proteins in the signaling cascades.