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Deformation behavior of preconditioned water-4 films subjected to a step loading protocol. A water-4 sample was subjected to step stress (shown in inset), and strains at the end of each loading step represented by open circles in water-4 films and by crosses in TFE-23 films were plotted against the magnitude of stress. Reproducibility was examined on three replicate samples, which were preconditioned at 30% strain for 20 cycles with an off-loading period of 5 minutes between cycles.
