. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: Med Clin North Am. 2009 May;93(3):753–769. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2009.02.007

Table 1.

Study Measurements for the Cohort Study of Medication Adherence among Older Adults (CoSMO)

Variable Domain	Study Measurements	Source

Risk Factors

Socio-demographics	• Age, gender, race, education, marital status, dependents, social support (56), knowledge of hypertension (57)	• Survey

Clinical	• Duration of hypertension, body mass index	• Survey
	• Severity of hypertension-JNC 7(1), cholesterol	• Medical record
	• Co-morbidities (16;17)	• Administrative data

Behavioral	• Smoking status, alcohol use, sexual function (58), depression -CES-D (59-62), coping (63), stress (64)	• Survey

Medication complexity, source and self-efficacy	• Antihypertensive medication, dose, frequency, and drug class; hypertensive medication change over prior year	• Survey
	• Medication source, pill-splitting practices, medication-taking self efficacy (20)	• Pharmacy utilization data

Self-management	• Provider blood pressure checks, lifestyle modifications -NHANES (65), complementary/alternative therapy use (66), home blood pressure monitoring	• Survey

Health care system issues	• Perception of primary care provider, satisfaction with access to care and communication (67-70)	• Survey
	• Number of visits to healthcare provider in past year, co-payment, pharmacy benefit package	• Survey and administrative data

Life events	• Life experiences in the last 12 months-Holmes-Rahe scale (71)	• Survey

Hurricane Katrina	• Damage to residence (72), hurricane coping self-efficacy (73), post-traumatic stress disorder (74;75), primary cause of stress before and after the disaster, distance from and visits with family and friends (76)	• Survey

Adherence

Medication adherence	• Self-report adherence -Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (10)	• Survey
	• Pharmacy fill (11)	• Pharmacy utilization data

Outcomes

Blood pressure control	• Systolic blood pressure (mmHg); diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	• Medical record

Quality of life	• MOS-36- 8 scales (56;77-80)	• Survey

Cardiovascular events	• Heart failure, myocardial infarction, end-stage renal disease, stroke, transient ischemic attack, atrial fibrillation, peripheral vascular disease	• Administrative data, medical record, and survey

Mortality	• All-cause and disease-specific mortality	• National Death Index³⁷

Healthcare utilization	• Emergency department, in-patient, out-patient, home health, rehabilitation, pharmacy and laboratory encounters	• Administrative data

MOS-Medical Outcomes Study, MOS-36 - Medical Outcomes Study Short form -36, CES-D- Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale,, JNC 7-Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure-7^th report, NHANES - National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,