Table 2.
Correlates of Anemia in HIV-infected children (n = 248)
| Risk Factors | Univariate correlates | Multivariate correlatesa | ||
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Odds ratio (95%CI) | p-value | |
| Socio-demographic | ||||
| Age (Pre-school vs. school-age)b | 2.68 (1.55, 4.61) | < 0.01 | 2.87 (1.45, 5.70) | < 0.01 |
| Sex (males vs. females) | 0.97 (0.58, 1.62) | 0.89 | ||
| Rural vs. urban | 6.45 (3.57, 11.68) | < 0.01 | 12.09 (5.64, 25.96) | < 0.01 |
| HIV and care-related | ||||
| Advanced HIV stage (Stage 3,4 vs. 1,2) | 3.47 (1.83, 6.57) | < 0.01 | 6.95 (3.06, 15.79) | < 0.01 |
| Advanced/severe immunodeficiencyc | 4.48 (2.01, 10.0) | < 0.01 | ||
| Antiretroviral therapy (ART) | 0.29 (0.16, 0.53) | < 0.01 | ||
| ART type (d4T vs. AZT) | 1.35 (0.43, 4.30) | 0.81 | ||
| Use of cotrimoxazole | 1.15 (0.68, 1.92) | 0.61 | ||
| TB/HIV co-infection | 3.29 (1.57, 6.92) | < 0.01 | 3.36 (1.43, 7.89) | < 0.01d |
| Use of nutritional supplements (multivitamins, iron) | 0.68 (0.40, 1.16) | 0.15 | 0.44 (0.22, 0.90) | 0.03 |
| Care (institutionalized vs. home-based) | 0.38 (0.20, 0.72) | < 0.01 | ||
| Anthropometric | ||||
| Underweight | 2.56 (1.51, 4.34) | < 0.01 | ||
| Stunting | 3.21 (1.85, 5.56) | < 0.01 | 3.24 (1.65, 6.35) | < 0.01 |
| Wasting | 1.58 (0.91, 2.76) | 0.11 | ||