Table 4.
Percent increase (95% CI) in mortality for 10-μg/m3 increase in the mean01 PM2.5 and PM coarse, combined by regions.
| PM2.5 |
PM coarse
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percent (95% CI) | I2 | Percent (95% CI) | I2 | |
| All-cause mortality | ||||
| Humid, subtropical, and maritime | 1.02 (0.65 to 1.38) | 0.06 | 0.53 (0.18 to 0.88) | 0.03 |
| Warm summer, continental | 1.19 (0.73 to 1.64) | 0.18* | 0.77 (0.14 to 1.40) | 0.37* |
| Hot summer, continental | 1.14 (0.55 to 1.73) | 0.27* | 0.87 (0.47 to 1.26) | 0 |
| Dry | 1.18 (−0.70 to 3.10) | 0 | −0.02 (−1.11 to 1.10) | 0.57* |
| Dry, continental | 1.26 (−0.21 to 2.76) | 0.11 | 1.11 (0.11 to 2.11) | 0 |
| Mediterranean | 0.50 (0.00 to 1.01) | 0.40* | −0.46 (−0.95 to 0.02) | 0.24 |
| CVD | ||||
| Humid, subtropical, and maritime | 0.78 (0.05 to 1.51) | 0.17* | 0.21 (−0.34 to 0.77) | 0 |
| Warm summer, continental | 1.43 (0.67 to 2.19) | 0.15 | 0.88 (−0.13 to 1.90) | 0.34* |
| Hot summer, continental | 0.43 (−0.53 to 1.40) | 0.17 | 0.71 (0.03 to 1.39) | 0 |
| Dry | 3.11 (−0.02 to 6.33) | 0 | 0.28 (−1.29 to 1.88) | 0.33 |
| Dry, continental | 1.67 (−0.75 to 4.16) | 0 | 0.70 (−1.26 to 2.69) | 0 |
| Mediterranean | 0.16 (−0.46 to 0.79) | 0.12 | −0.15 (−0.87 to 0.58) | 0.16 |
| MI | ||||
| Humid, subtropical, and maritime | 0.97 (−0.29 to 2.26) | 0 | 0.82 (−0.88 to 2.56) | 0.22* |
| Warm summer, continental | 1.50 (0.05 to 2.97) | 0.07 | −0.45 (−1.73 to 0.84) | 0 |
| Hot summer, continental | 0.64 (−0.96 to 2.28) | 0 | 0.40 (−1.05 to 1.87) | 0 |
| Dry | 4.25 (−2.38 to 11.33) | 0 | −2.16 (−4.82 to 0.57) | 0 |
| Dry, continental | 0.60 (−7.42 to 9.32) | 0.17 | 5.09 (0.31 to 10.09) | 0.12 |
| Mediterranean | 1.85 (−0.66 to 4.41) | 0.34* | −1.18 (−2.28 to −0.08) | 0 |
| Stroke | ||||
| Humid, subtropical, and maritime | 2.94 (1.59 to 4.32) | 0 | 1.62 (0.37 to 2.89) | 0 |
| Warm summer, continental | 1.85 (0.04 to 3.69) | 0.13 | 1.03 (−1.41 to 3.53) | 0.26* |
| Hot summer, continental | 0.77 (−1.77 to 3.38) | 0.23* | 0.86 (−1.23 to 3.01) | 0.22 |
| Dry | 1.82 (−6.98 to 11.45) | 0.17 | 0.34 (−2.43 to 3.18) | 0.01 |
| Dry, continental | 2.49 (−2.32 to 7.53) | 0 | 0.32 (−3.75 to 4.56) | 0 |
| Mediterranean | 0.95 (−0.66 to 2.59) | 0.23* | 0.07 (−1.14 to 1.31) | 0 |
| Respiratory | ||||
| Humid, subtropical, and maritime | 0.91 (−0.25 to 2.08) | 0.03 | 2.16 (1.14 to 3.20) | 0 |
| Warm summer, continental | 2.12 (0.89 to 3.36) | 0.04 | 1.67 (0.03 to 3.33) | 0.16 |
| Hot summer, continental | 3.36 (1.95 to 4.79) | 0 | 2.09 (0.80 to 3.40) | 0 |
| Dry | 5.81 (−0.04 to 12.00) | 0.22 | −2.55 (−5.39 to 0.37) | 0.49* |
| Dry, continental | −0.31 (−5.89 to 5.61) | 0.26 | 1.81 (−1.93 to 5.70) | 0.32 |
| Mediterranean | 1.06 (−0.36 to 2.50) | 0.38* | −0.68 (−1.78 to 0.43) | 0.08 |
I2 statistics and significance level (*p < 0.05) for heterogeneity. Mean01 is the mean of lags 0 and 1.