Table 2.
VIP | VIP+VIP Antagonist | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
ATP | 1.00±0.04 (N=7) | 0.81±0.11 (N=7) | 0.06 |
Apoptosis/Necrosis (%/%) | (81±4)/(19±4) (N=3/N=3) | (57±5)/(43±5) (N=3/N=3) | 0.01/0.01 |
Cell Survival | 1.00±0.08 (N=7) | 0.78±0.05 (N=9) | 0.03 |
ATP level was determined following the same procedure as described in Table 1. Apoptotic cells (showing peripheral chromatin condensation) and necrotic cells (showing spindle-shaped nuclei) as those depicted in Fig. 3A were counted after a 17h-exposure to H2O2 under the condition described in Fig. 3. Cell survival (attachment) was determined after 17h-exposure to H2O2 following the procedure described in Fig. 5. VIP concentration was 10−8 M in all experiments and (SN)VIPhyb was used at 5×10−7 M in experiments for ATP determination and necrosis to apoptosis switch, and at 10−6 M in the experiment for cell attachment.