Table 1.

Some empirical examples supporting various models of mate preference evolution

Mechanism of preference evolution	Some sample organisms	References
Direct-benefits models
Resource acquisition	Bushcrickets	80
Protection	Elephant seals, dung flies	81, 82
Parental care	Blackbirds, sticklebacks	83, 84
Fertility	Lemon tetras, fruit flies	85, 86
Parasite avoidance	Grain beetles	87
Indirect-benefits models
Fisherian process	Guppies, sandflies	88, 89
Condition-dependent indicator	Ambush bugs, bank voles	90, 91
Condition-independent indicator	Possibly cockroaches	92
Other models
Sensory bias	Three-spined sticklebacks, Anolis lizards	93, 94
Sexual conflict	Cichlids, fireflies	95, 96
Genetic compatibility	Oldfield mice	97