Table 1.

Overview of studies evaluating intestinal cytokine mRNA expression in dogs

Reference	IL1	IL2	IL4	IL5	IL6	IL10	IL12	IL18	IFNγ	TNFα	TGFβ
15	NA	↑	–	↑	NA	–	↑	NA	–	↑	↑
44	NA	↑	–	NA	–	–	–	NA	–	↑	–
41	NA	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Current study, small intestinal data	↓	↓	–	–	NA	↓	↑	NA	↓	↓	–
Current study, colonic data	–	↓	↓	–	NA	–	–	NA	–	–	↓

The level of cytokine mRNA expression in IBD dogs relative to that in healthy dogs is shown.

↑, increased cytokine expression in diseased tissues; ↓, decreased cytokine expression in diseased tissues; –, no difference in transcript expression between diseased and control tissues; NA, not evaluated.