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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Jun 29.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008 Mar 21;56(5):898–903. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01656.x

Table 3.

Relative Risk of Death According to the Three-level Deficit Index (DI3) and Three-Level Phenotypic Frailty Index (PFI3)

Measure Condition Univariate Multivariate
PFI3 pre-frail 2.08 (1.63, 2.66) 1.67 (1.29, 2.15)
frail 4.81 (3.53, 6.55) 3.00 (2.15, 4.19)
DI3 pre-frail 1.94 (1.45, 2.61) 1.66 (1.23, 2.25)
frail 4.45 (3.26, 6.08) 3.07 (2.20, 4.28)

The reference category is the robust group

Numbers in parentheses are 95% Confidence Intervals

“Univariate” refers to the analysis wherein each of the indices is tested in a separate model, while for “multivariate” analysis both indices were included into the model.