Skip to main content
. 2009 Jun 29;106(27):11318–11323. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0812809106

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Ghrelin administration into brain ventricles (i.c.v.) or into specific tegmental areas increased whereas a GHS-R1A antagonist (i.p.) decreased alcohol intake in C57BL/6 mice. In a 2-bottle (alcohol/water) free choice limited access paradigm in C57BL/6 mice ghrelin increased alcohol intake (g/kg/90 min) relative to the vehicle treatment when administered into (A) the third ventricle (n = 23 in both groups; **, P < 0.01, paired t test), (B) bilaterally into the VTA (n = 5 for vehicle and n = 7 for ghrelin; **, P < 0.01, unpaired t test), or (C) bilaterally into the LDTg (n = 6 for vehicle and n = 5 for ghrelin; *, P < 0.05, unpaired t test). (D) Peripheral injection of a GHS-R1A antagonist, JMV2959, decreased alcohol consumption compared to vehicle in this paradigm in C57BL/6J mice [F (1, 28) = 15.68, P = 0.001] (n = 15 in each group; *, P < 0.001, Bonferroni post hoc test). All values represent mean ± SEM.