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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Jun 30.
Published in final edited form as: J Infect Dis. 2009 May 1;199(9):1301–1309. doi: 10.1086/597759

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Phylogenetic analysis of nevirapine resistance. A, Identification of nevirapine resistance mutations in viruses released after in vitro activation of resting CD4+ T cells and in viruses from the plasma of patient LT1020. The percentage of mutant virus present for each of 8 days of cell culture is indicated for the K103N (red diamonds), Y181C (blue squares), and G190A (green triangles) mutations. The level of mutant virus present in plasma at the same time point was measured in 2 individual polymerase chain reaction reactions, labeled PL1 and PL2. B, Phylogenetic tree from patient LT1020 with sequences from virus released from the latent reservoir (circles) and plasma virus (triangles). Viral sequences containing the K103N resistance mutation are shown in red. The viral sequence containing the G190A resistance mutation is shown in green. The asterisk indicates a possible ancestral K103N-containing sequence. Representative plasma viral sequences from other study patients with the same subtype (D) are included (all sequence names beginning with LT). Subtype B (including HXB2R) and D reference sequences obtained from the Los Alamos National Laboratory sequence database are also included. The tree is rooted on subtype F reference sequences obtained from the Los Alamos sequence database.