Table 1.
Patient Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, and Physiologic Measurements*
| Variables | Before Group (n = 79) | After Group (n = 77) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 57.6 ± 15.6 | 57.6 ± 17.9 |
| Race | ||
| White | 40 (51) | 46 (60) |
| Black | 38 (48) | 27 (35) |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 47 (59) | 48 (62) |
| Female | 32 (41) | 29 (38) |
| Comorbitlities | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 23 (29) | 22 (29) |
| COPD | 12 (15) | 17 (22) |
| HIV | 8 (10) | 5 (7) |
| End-stage renal disease | 25 (32) | 7 (9) |
| Cancer | 9 (1) | 16 (21) |
| Organ transplant | 3 (4) | 1 (1) |
| Indwelling vascular line | 7 (9) | 11 (14) |
| Nursing home resident | 18 (23) | 20 (26) |
| Do not resuscitate | 5 (6) | 3 (4) |
| ED vital signs | ||
| Lowest systolic BP, mm Hg | 86 ± 22.2 | 72 ± 12.3 |
| Highest pulse rate, beats/min | 118 ± 26.7 | 122 ± 26.3 |
| Highest respiratory rate, breaths/min | 26 ± 9.3 | 30 ± 10.2 |
| Highest temperature, °C | 38 ± 2.9 | 38 ± 2.7 |
| Lowest oxygen saturation, % | 94 ± 6.0 | 92 ± 7.9 |
| Highest CVP, mm Hg | 7 ± 4.5 | |
| Highest CVP, mm Hg | 14 ± 5.9 | |
| Highest Scvo2, % | 69 ± 12.7 | |
| Highest Scvo2, % | 81 ± 8.5 | |
| ED SOFA score | 5.3 ± 3.3 | 7.2 ± 3.1 |
| ED MEDS score | 9.7 ± 3.3 | 11.1 ± 3.4 |
| Lactate level, mmol/L† | 4.8 ± 3.4 | 3.6 ± 2.6 |
| Suspected source of infection‡ | ||
| Pulmonary | 25 (32) | 33 (43) |
| Urinary tract | 21 (27) | 24 (31) |
| Intra-abdominal | 14 (18) | 11 (14) |
| Skin/soft tissue | 16 (20) | 13 (17) |
| Blood (bacteremia) | 3 (4) | 8 (13) |
| Unknown | 12 (15) | 8 (10) |
*
Data are presented as mean ± SD or No. (%). SOFA = sequential organ failure assessment.
†
Lactate concentration was only available in 33 of 79 before-group patients and 66 of 79 after-group patients.
‡
Some patients had more than one suspected source; thus, the total is > 100%.