Figure 1. Sleep deprivation protocol used for the sleep deprivation experiments.

The bars indicate the light∶dark cycles experienced by the flies, with white signifying the light period, and black signifying the dark period. Light∶dark cycles are aligned to the control light∶dark cycle. The mechanical stimulus and chronic light stimulus experiments were conducted over a seven-day period. The acute light stimulus experiment lasted 24 hours. The constant clock shift experiment lasted 12 days; some light∶dark patterns lasted two days, as indicated. ZT, zeitgeber time.