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Current ablation approaches for patients with persistent atrial fibrillation include pulmonary vein isolation and linear ablation in the atrium, which connects ablation sites from the vein with each other and with the mitral annulus (red dots). Thus, a combined approach aimed at modifying abnormal substrate and eliminating common triggers is used. Linear ablation is primarily performed to prevent macroreentrant atrial tachycardia, including atypical atrial flutter.
