Fig. 2.

Effects of LANSO on expression of TNF-α and IL-1β induced by HpWE in human monocytes (THP-1). After pretreatment with 100 µM of LANSO for 3 h, THP-1 cells were stimulated with HpWE (5 µg/ml) for up to 3 h. (A) Expression of mRNA for TNF-α and (B) concentration of TNF-α protein in cell culture supernatant were determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. (C) Expression of mRNA for IL-1β and (D) concentration of IL-1β protein in cell culture supernatant were determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Each column represents the mean ± SD of n = 3 independent observations in three separate cell culture plates. **; p<0.01 compared with control. ^#; p<0.05 and ^##; p<0.01 compared with LPS-stimulated vehicle-treated cells.