Table 3.

Summary of the ultrasonographic findings in 47 patients with giant cell arteritis and 33 patients with other diagnoses and neuroophthalmological complications and 85 patients with giant cell arteritis without neuroophthalmological complications

Diagnosis	Patients	Dopplersonography periorbital arteries		CDS temporal artery		CDS carotid artery		CDS vertebral artery
giant cell arteritis with NOC	47	abn GCA	n = 15 (32%)	halo	n = 23 (49%)	halo	n = 1 (2%)	halo	n = 4 (9%)
		abn ICA occl	n = 3 (6%)	halo + stenosis	n = 15 (32%)	plaques	n = 36 (77%)	halo + stenosis	n = 1 (2%)
		normal	n = 29 (62%)	normal	n = 9 (19%)	stenosis ≥50%	n = 4 (9%)	stenosis ≥ 50%	n = 0
						normal	n = 6 (13%)	normal	n = 42 (89%)
giant cell arteritis without NOC	85	abn GCA	n = 4 (5%)	halo	n = 36 (42%)	halo	n = 5 (6%)	halo	n = 4 (5%)
		abn ICA occl	n = 2 (2%)	halo + stenosis	n = 17 (20%)	plaques	n = 54 (64%)	halo + stenosis	n = 2 (2%)
		normal	n = 79 (93%)	normal	n = 32 (38%)	stenosis ≥ 50%	n = 6 (7%)	stenosis ≥ 50%	n = 6 (7%)
						normal	n = 20 (24%)	normal	n = 73 (86%)
other diagnoses with NOC	33	abn GCA	n = 0	halo	n = 3 (9%)	halo	n = 0	halo	n = 0
		abn ICA occl	n = 3 (9%)	halo + stenosis	n = 0	plaques	n = 23 (70%)	halo + stenosis	n = 0
		normal	n = 30 (91%)	normal	n = 30 (91%)	stenosis ≥ 50%	n = 9 (27%)	stenosis ≥ 50%	n = 2 (6%)
						normal	n = 1 (3%)	normal	n = 31 (94%)

Abbreviations: abn GCA, abnormalities typical for GCA; abn ICA occl, abnormalities typical for internal carotid artery occlusion; CDS, color duplex sonography