The distal regions of the intestine were efficiently transduced by rAd5, and removal of luminal substances increased transduction of the proximal intestine. (A) Efficient transduction of intestinal segments. Segments of intestine were left untreated (native), or the mucus was gently removed (stripped) and then transduced with rAd5-luc. (B) Treatment of intestinal segments with DTT increased the transduction efficiency of rAd5-Luc. (C and D) Effect of removal of the glycocalyx and hyaluronic acid on transduction. Mouse jejuna were treated with hyaluronidase (C) or mixed glycosidases (D) prior to transduction with rAd5-luc. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. RLU, relative luminescence units.