Transduction of intestinal explant cultures by rAd5-luc was reduced by exposure to low pH and proteases and enhanced gene expression by intraileal delivery of rAd5 in vivo. (A) The rAd vector encoding luciferase was treated as indicated (+, treatment; −, no treatment) and applied to explants of mouse ileum. *, P < 0.05. (B) Mice were administered rAd5-luc via p.o. or intraileal injection, and the levels of luciferase activity in intestinal segments and MLN were determined 24 h later. *, P < 0.05. RLU, relative luminescence units.