Immune responses induced by ileum prime and i.m. boost. Mice were administered rAd5gp-140B (rAd5) or empty vector (−) via the p.o. or intraileal route and boosted i.m. (+) 3 weeks later. (A) Percentages of HIV-specific H-2Dd/PA-9+ CD8+ T cells from the PBMC immediately prior to the i.m. injection of rAd5-gp140B. (B) Percentages of HIV-specific H-2Dd/PA-9+ CD8+ T cells from the PBMC, spleens, MLN, and small intestines at 2 weeks after the i.m. injection of rAd5-gp140B. (C) HIV-1-specific IFN-γ- and TNF-α-secreting CD4+ or CD8+ T lymphocytes from the spleens 2 weeks after i.m. injection of rAd5-gp140B. The data from each individual mouse and the mean values from the five mice (black bars) are shown. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.