FIG. 2.

Flux distributions in P. putida under butanol stress conditions. The flux distributions in the P. putida strains DOT-T1E, KT2440, and S12 and Pseudomonas sp. strain VLB120 (from top to bottom) were determined during growth in glucose-containing M9 medium supplemented with 1% (vol/vol) butanol using untreated and adapted cells. Butanol catabolism was traced by the fractional labeling of central carbon metabolites (see text for details). The errors for all fluxes were below 10% with the exception of highly active or negligibly fluxes including PEP carboxykinase, pentose-phosphate-pathway (PPP), and phosphoglycoisomerase. The upper bound of the NAD(P)H regeneration rate is presented. Glucose-6-P, glucose-6-phosphate; PGA, 3-phosphoglycerate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate.