Table 2.
Various operations before and after routine IOUS
| Before routine IOUS (n = 368) | Routine IOUS (n = 276) | P | |
| Surgeon, n (%) | |||
| Senior (≥ 100 cases) | 341 (92.7) | 77 (27.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Junior (< 30 cases) | 27 (7.3) | 199 (72.1) | |
| Intraoperative image studies, n (%) | |||
| Ultrasound | 68 (18.5) | 231 (83.7) | < 0.0001 |
| Cholangiography | 45 (12.7) | 25 (9.1) | 0.14 |
| Anatomical variations of the bile ducts, n (%) | 10 (2.7) | 12 (4.2) | 0.26 |
| Laparoscopic cholecystitis grading, n (%) | |||
| G0 | 203 (55.2) | 166 (60.1) | 0.03 |
| G1 | 59 (16.0) | 40 (14.5) | |
| G2 | 72 (19.6) | 33 (12.0) | |
| G3 | 34 (9.2) | 37 (13.4) | |
| Conversion to open surgery, n (%) | 6 (1.6) | 15 (5.4) | 0.007 |
| BDI | 2 | 0 | 0.27 |
| Severe cholecystitis | 2 | 4 | |
| Cholecystoduodenal fistula | 0 | 1 | |
| Access failure due to dense adhesion | 1 | 5 | |
| Cancer suspected | 1 | 1 | |
| Systemic co-morbidity | 0 | 3 | |
| Total laparoscopic procedures, n (%) | 362 (98.4) | 261 (94.6) | 0.007 |
| Cholecystectomy | 317 (87.6) | 235 (90.0) | 0.34 |
| Cholecystectomy and choledocholithotripsy | 45 (12.4) | 26 (10.0) | |
| Operative time1 (min) | 93.7 ± 53.1 | 116.7 ± 49.7 | < 0.0001 |
| Cholecystectomy | 80.6 ± 36.2 | 109.4 ± 42.1 | < 0.0001 |
| Cholecystectomy and choledocholithotripsy | 185.4 ± 62.0 | 187.6 ± 61.2 | 0.88 |
| Blood loss1 (g) | 16.9 ± 75.5 | 14.1 ± 53.2 | 0.6 |
| Cholecystectomy | 10.1 ± 42.8 | 15.1 ± 55.4 | 0.23 |
| Cholecystectomy and choledocholithotripsy | 65.1 ± 175.4 | 4.2 ± 20.4 | 0.1 |
1
In cases treated with total laparoscopic procedures.