Developmental changes in the distal efferent ductules (EDs) of wild-type (WT) and estrogen receptor α knockout (αERKO) mice. (A) At low magnification, dilation of the ED lumen () in αERKO is notable from 18 days of age and is greatly expanded with age. Bar = 50 µm. (B) At high magnification, the epithelium () or nucleus () in the WT mouse becomes thicker or heightened, respectively, with age, whereas no significant morphological change is observed in the αERKO mouse. Bar = 10 µm. (C) Change of luminal diameter, (D) change of epithelial height and (E) change of nuclear height. Values represent mean ± S.D. Different letters indicate significant differences among experimental groups (P < 0.05).