Table 4.
Comparisons of active and passive districts on admissions of antisocial behavior, substance use behavior, school safety, and mediators of problem behaviors.
| Unadjusted %/Mean(SD) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Passive | Active | t | OR/r‡ | ICC | |
| Antisocial Behavior (past 12 Months) | |||||
| School Suspension | 10.20(45.94) | 6.40(43.00) | −2.60* | .58 | .02 |
| Carrying Handgun | 6.41(43.00) | 4.01(39.71) | −3.06* | .53 | .02 |
| Selling Illegal Drugs | 3.34(38.40) | 1.29(31.66) | −3.73* | .32 | .03 |
| Arrested | 2.97(37.55) | 2.21(35.43) | −1.42 | .69 | .02 |
| Attacking Someone | 10.20(45.94) | 9.27(45.38) | −1.05 | .90 | <.01 |
| Drunk/High at School | 7.63(44.16) | 4.37(40.33) | −3.79* | .51 | .01 |
| Carrying Handgun at School | .42(24.54) | .36(23.73) | −.30 | .86 | <.01 |
| Lifetime Substance Use | |||||
| Smokeless Tobacco | 26.68(49.67) | 18.53(48.74) | −3.68* | .59 | .01 |
| Cigarettes | 41.10(49.99) | 30.94(49.86) | −3.64* | .61 | .01 |
| Alcohol | 44.03(50.00) | 34.12(49.93) | −2.20+ | .62 | .04 |
| Marijuana | 16.04(48.20) | 8.63(44.95) | −4.18* | .46 | .02 |
| Inhalants | 9.66(45.63) | 9.71(45.66) | .05 | 1.01 | <.01 |
| Cocaine/Crack | 3.04(37.71) | 1.23(31.30) | −2.96* | .41 | .02 |
| Narcotics | 10.25(45.97) | 8.60(44.93) | −1.60 | .78 | .01 |
| Methamphetamines | 1.33(31.86) | .80(28.47) | −1.65 | .56 | .02 |
| OTC Drugs to Get High | 8.27(44.67) | 6.39(42.98) | −2.34+ | .76 | <.01 |
| 30 Day Substance Use | |||||
| Smokeless Tobacco | 13.67(47.49) | 7.39(43.96) | −4.45* | .50 | .01 |
| Cigarettes | 18.21(48.68) | 11.41(46.57) | −3.71* | .47 | .03 |
| Alcohol | 17.47(48.53) | 12.17(46.91) | −2.90* | .61 | .02 |
| Being Drunk | 15.15(47.96) | 8.78(45.05) | −3.90* | .47 | .02 |
| Marijuana | 5.71(42.22) | 2.30(35.72) | −4.27* | .33 | .02 |
| Inhalants | 2.68(36.81) | 2.44(36.12) | −.51 | .91 | <.01 |
| Cocaine/Crack | .93(29.47) | .22(21.20) | −2.43+ | .24 | <.01 |
| Narcotics | 3.57(38.88) | 2.96(37.53) | −.90 | .80 | .03 |
| Methamphetamines | .44(24.89) | .15(19.24) | −1.50 | .33 | <.01 |
| OTC Drugs to Get High | 2.94(37.48) | 3.19(38.08) | .49 | 1.09 | <.01 |
| Past 2 Week Binge Drinking | 12.02(46.85) | 7.23(43.81) | −5.07* | .57 | <.01 |
| School Perceived as Safe | 86.37(47.48) | 88.79(46.47) | 1.34 | 1.41 | .05 |
| Mediators of Antisocial & Using Behavior | |||||
| Friends Use of Drugs | .55(.74) | .37(.61) | −4.04* | −.76 | .01 |
| Perceived Harm of Drug Use | 1.97(.79) | 2.04(.84) | 1.76 | .45 | .01 |
| # of Consequences Due to Substance Use | .69(1.60) | .55(1.42) | −2.10 | −.52 | <.01 |
| Perceptions of Substance Use Being Wrong | 1.44(.57) | 1.32(.51) | −2.55+ | −.59 | .03 |
| Perceptions of Alcohol Use Being Wrong | 1.14(.36) | 1.10(.31) | −2.39+ | −.57 | .01 |
| Average Age of First Use | 6.61(1.82) | 7.01(1.53) | 3.50* | .71 | .01 |
| Average Age of Delinquent Behavior | 7.39(1.21) | 7.57(1.06) | 2.84* | .63 | <.01 |
NOTE: Negatively signed rs and t-values, as well as odds ratios less than one, indicate that the passive condition had higher values than the active condition. Statistical significance tests based on 12 df.
+
p < .10
*
p < .05
‡
Odds Ratios (OR) are reported for all variables, except the mediators of antisocial and using behavior.