Table 2.
Prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (ankle-brachial index < 0.9) according to patient characteristics, in the cohort and in predefined clinical subgroups. Univariate analysis
| All patients (n = 5679) |
1. Symptoms suggestive of PAD (n = 1209) |
2. Manifestation of atherothrombotic disease (n = 2393) |
3. Cardiovascular risk factors only (n = 2077) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Prevalence (%) | p-value | Prevalence (%) | p-value | Prevalence (%) | p-value | Prevalence (%) | p-value | |
| Demography | |||||||||
| Gender | Male | 30.2 | < 0.0001 | 37.5 | ns | 40.4 | < 0.0001 | 10.1 | ns |
| Female | 23.5 | 37.3 | 31.3 | 10.7 | |||||
| Age (year) | (55–64) | 24.3 | < 0.0001 | 37.7 | ns | 35.6 | ns | 9.4 | ns |
| (64–74) | 27.1 | 36.2 | 38.9 | 10.3 | |||||
| ≥ 74 | 31.6 | 38.3 | 38.6 | 12.1 | |||||
| Vascular history | |||||||||
| Coronary artery disease | Yes | 33.0 | < 0.0001 | na | na | 33.0 | < 0.0001 | na | na |
| No | 25.5 | 50.4 | |||||||
| Ischaemic stroke | Yes | 27.7 | ns | na | na | 27.7 | < 0.0001 | na | na |
| No | 27.8 | 39.8 | |||||||
| Signs/Symptoms of PAD | |||||||||
| Intermittent claudication | Yes | 65.9 | < 0.0001 | 52.1 | < 0.0001 | 73.3 | < 0.0001 | na | na |
| No | 20.9 | 32.4 | 27.2 | ||||||
| Pulseless dorsalis pedis artery | Yes | 57.5 | < 0.0001 | 46.2 | < 0.0001 | 66.8 | < 0.0001 | na | na |
| No | 19.4 | 30.1 | 26.3 | ||||||
| Pulseless posterior tibial artery | Yes | 56.0 | < 0.0001 | 43.8 | < 0.001 | 66.5 | < 0.0001 | na | na |
| No | 21.6 | 33.3 | 29.6 | ||||||
| Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors | |||||||||
| History of hypertension | Yes | 27.2 | ns | 37.3 | ns | 39.4 | < 0.05 | 10.4 | ns |
| No | 30.0 | 37.7 | 33.6 | 9.8 | |||||
| History of hypercholesterolemia | Yes | 26.9 | < 0.05 | 38.9 | ns | 38.1 | ns | 9.3 | < 0.01 |
| No | 30.2 | 34.7 | 37.6 | 14.5 | |||||
| Smoking | Current | 37.4 | < 0.0001 | 49.1 | < 0.0001 | 54.6 | < 0.0001 | 14.3 | < 0.01 |
| Cessation ≤ 1 year | 40.5 | 57.6 | 50.5 | 14.6 | |||||
| Cessation > 1 year | 33.3 | 37.3 | 42.0 | 10.4 | |||||
| No | 21.2 | 30.5 | 29.5 | 8.8 | |||||
| Diabetes | Yes | 28.6 | ns | 38.2 | ns | 44.2 | < 0.0001 | 11.0 | ns |
| No | 27.3 | 36.9 | 35.3 | 9.9 | |||||
| Number of risk factors | 4 | 45.7 | < 0.0001 | 68.9 | < 0.0001 | 54.2 | < 0.0001 | 18.8 | ns |
| 3 | 30.8 | 38.2 | 47.7 | 10.0 | |||||
| 2 | 23.6 | 37.7 | 34.6 | 10.1 | |||||
| 1 | 33.6 | 33.7 | 33.5 | 0.0 | |||||
| 0 | 25.4 | 22.0 | 26.7 | 0.0 | |||||
| Measurements at the visit | |||||||||
| SBP (mmHg) | < 140 | 25.4 | < 0.0001 | 34.8 | < 0.01 | 33.2 | < 0.0001 | 9.5 | < 0.01 |
| [140–160] | 26.4 | 35.6 | 38.5 | 9.1 | |||||
| ≥ 160 | 37.2 | 47.1 | 50.5 | 15.9 | |||||
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | < 2.6 | 26.4 | ns | 34.0 | ns | 34.7 | < 0.01 | 8.9 | ns |
| (2.6–3.3) | 25.0 | 36.4 | 33.8 | 8.1 | |||||
| (3.3–4) | 27.7 | 35.7 | 41.8 | 12.0 | |||||
| ≥ 4 | 29.5 | 42.9 | 45.6 | 9.2 | |||||
na, not applicable; ns, not significant; SBP, systolic blood pressure; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PAD, peripheral arterial disease.