Isolated coronary arterioles from Db/db control mice dilated in a concentration-dependent manner to ACh. ACh-induced vasodilation was blunted in coronary arterioles from db/db mice at 12, 18 and 24 weeks (n = 7, b–d), and ACh-induced vasodilation was also attenuated in coronary arterioles from Db/db mice at 18 and 24 weeks (c, d). However, ACh-induced vasodilation was identical at db/db Vs. Db/db mice at age of 6 weeks (n = 8, a). SNP-induced vasodilation was normal in Db/db, db/db and db/db treated with anti-TNFα (n = 9, data not shown). * P < 0.05 Vs. db/db and # P < 0.05 Vs. Db/db mice