Consummatory intake of 40% lactose free milk solution infused through an intraoral fistula following PVH injection of 0.9% saline (SAL, 200 nl), neuropeptide Y (NPY, 78 pmol/200 nl), agouti-related protein (AGRP, 200pmol/200 nl), or norepinephrine (NE, 40 nmol/200 nl). Milk intake after NPY, AGRP and NE was significantly increased, compared to intake following PVH saline injections. Data are expressed as mean intraoral intake in ml ± SEM. (*P ≤ 0.01 vs intake after saline).