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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Jul 6.
Published in final edited form as: Horm Behav. 2008 Feb 15;53(5):613–626. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.01.013

Table 2.

Key behavioral findings in Tfm rodents

Behavioral Findings in Tfm Rodents
Behavior (Test) Species Key Findings in Adult Rats or Mice References

Spatial Memory
Morris Water Maze Rat Tfm ♂’s show an intermediate spatial memory performance between wt ♂’s and ♀’s, with wt ♂’s displaying superior performance. Jones and Watson, 2005
Mouse Tfm ♂’s show decreased spatial memory performance compared to Tfm carrier ♀’s, though there was no sex difference in wt mice. Rizk et al., 2005

Anxiety-related behavior
Novel Object Exposure Mouse Tfm ♂’s show greater anxiety-related behavior than wt ♂’s even when treated with T. Present Study
Elevated Plus Maze Mouse Tfm mice (Tfm ♂’s and carrier ♀’s) show increased indices of anxiety compared to wt mice (♂’s and ♀’s). Rizk et al., 2005

Play Fighting
Juvenile play fighting Rat Tfm ♂’s show decreased play fighting compared to wt ♂’s. Meaney et al, 1983
Rat Tfm ♂’s fail to reduce the amount of playful attacks or playful defense (complete rotations) with aging, as do wt ♂’s. Field et al, 2006

Aggression
Resident-intruder test Mouse Similar indices of aggression in Tfm and wt ♂’s; both more aggressive than ♀’s. Scordalakes and Rissman, 2004

Social/Sexual Behavior
Feminine mating behavior Rat Tfm ♂’s are similar to wt ♂’s, displaying little or no lordosis response. Olsen, 1979
Masculine mating behavior Rat Tfm ♂’s show reduced masculine sexual behavior compared to wt ♂’s. Beach and Buehler, 1977; Olsen and Whalen, 1981; Olsen, 1992; Shapiro et al. 1976
Mouse Tfm ♂’s show reduced masculine sexual behavior compared to wt ♂’s, a difference that is eliminated in E2 treated mice. Ono et al, 1974; Bodo and Rissman, 2007
Partner Preference Rat Tfm ♂’s show a masculinized partner preference. Hamson et al, 2005
Mouse Tfm ♂’s show a demasculinized partner preference even when treated with E2. Bodo and Rissman, 2007
Olfactory preference test Mouse Tfm ♂’s show a demasculinized preference for female soiled bedding even when treated with E2. Bodo and Rissman, 2007