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Performance comparisons among three PC selection strategies in simulations where the study population consists of two subpopulations. Results are summarized based on 1,000 simulated datasets, with each consisting of 1,000 cases and 1,000 controls. (A) Boxplots of number of chosen PCs; (B) Boxplots of empirical type I errors under the significance level of 0.05 and (C) Boxplots of over-dispersion factors.
