Table 3.
Association between TNFα (tertiles) and cardiovascular risk factors in the MI control sample (n = 698).
| Low (0.03–1.3) N = 233 | Medium (1.31–1.88) N = 234 | High (1.89–13.56) N = 231 | Trend p-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic/questionnaire | ||||
| Age (years) | 70.30 | 70.70 | 71.40 | 0.090 |
| Male, n (%) | 171 (73.4) | 184 (78.6) | 157 (68.0) | 0.034 |
| Northern region, n (%)b | 96 (41.2) | 94 (40.2) | 96 (41.6) | 0.951 |
| Non-manual occupation, n (%)b | 113 (51.6) | 106 (47.5) | 100 (44.6) | 0.339 |
| Evidence of stroke, n (%) | 20 (11.7) | 17 (9.2) | 25 (15.9) | 0.165 |
| History of diabetes, n (%) | 16 (9.4) | 21 (11.4) | 18(11.5) | 0.773 |
| 1–2 alcoholic drinks/day, n (%) | 102 (48.3) | 107 (48.2) | 90 (42.7) | 0.407 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 33 (14.2) | 23 (9.9) | 37 (16.0) | 0.131 |
| Physical activity (inactive/occasional), n (%) | 125 (56.3) | 126 (55.5) | 140 (64.2) | 0.122 |
| Physical measurements | ||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2)c,d | 26.38 | 27.42 | 27.24 | 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)c,d,e | 148.59 | 149.33 | 147.66 | 0.757 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)c,d,e | 83.04 | 82.81 | 83.81 | 0.065 |
| FEV1 (L/min)c,d,f | 2.27 | 2.23 | 2.17 | 0.240 |
| Lipids/metabolic markers | ||||
| Total cholesterol (mMol/L)c | 6.09 | 6.09 | 6.06 | 0.914 |
| HDL cholesterol (mMol/L)c | 1.50 | 1.43 | 1.32 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mMol/L)c,e,g | 1.44 | 1.59 | 1.71 | <0.001 |
| Insulin (mU/L)c,e,g | 7.28 | 7.64 | 8.67 | 0.004 |
| Glucose (mMol/L)c,e,g | 5.71 | 5.88 | 5.94 | 0.056 |
| Inflammatory and haemostatic markers | ||||
| C-Reactive Protein (mg/L)c,g | 1.41 | 1.74 | 2.25 | <0.001 |
| IL-6(pg/mL)c,e,g | 2.20 | 2.33 | 2.80 | <0.001 |
| Fibrinogen (g/L)c,e,g | 3.16 | 3.26 | 3.37 | 0.012 |
| White cell count (^109/L)c,e,g | 6.61 | 6.64 | 7.14 | 0.003 |
| Plasma viscosity (mPa s)c,e | 1.27 | 1.29 | 1.31 | <0.001 |
| Factor VIII (IU/dL)c | 141.35 | 138.52 | 148.09 | 0.005 |
| Fibrin D-dimer (ng/mL)c,g | 80.74 | 91.18 | 118.99 | <0.001 |
| von Willebrand factor (IU/dL)c | 139.61 | 142.16 | 157.31 | <0.001 |
| t-PA (ng/mL)c,e | 9.74 | 10.32 | 11.14 | <0.001 |
a
Sample (n = 698) MI controls with TNFα value. Trend test adjusted for age, gender, region of residence.
b
Reported in 1978–1980 (age 40–59 years) for men and in 1998–2000 (age 60–79 years) for women.
c
Adjusted for age at survey and region of residence (Scotland, North, Midlands and South).
d
Adjusted for nurse number.
e
Adjusted for time of day.
f
Adjusted for height squared.
g
Geometric mean, p-value from ANOVA with ln (variable).