Table 1.

Demographics of patients in the 25 reviewed series

Study	Year	Level of evidence [7]	Number of patients	Gender (males/females)	Age (years)*
Schofer et al. [61]	2008	IV	2	0/2	61 (57–65)
Oransky and Tortora [47]	2007	IV	55	25/30	39 (14–70)
Oakley et al. [46]	2007	IV	1	0/1	70
Matta and Yerasimides [40]	2007	IV	1	1/0	55
Giannoudis et al. [25]	2007	IV	9	1/8	39 (27–62)
Delloye et al. [12]	2007	IV	3	N/A	34 (8–76)
Rousseau et al. [59]	2006	IV	8	4/4	NA (18–43)
Beaule et al. [6]	2006	IV	2	2/0	49 (NA)
Egol and Kellam [17]	2003	IV	1	0/1	42
Mears and Velyvis [42]	2003	IV	204	114/90	52 (24–88)
Huegli et al. [32]	2003	IV	1	1/0	55
Mears and Velyvis [43]	2002	IV	44	11/33	66 (55–87)
Akagi et al. [1]	2002	IV	1	1/0	24
van den Bosch et al. [67]	2002	IV	11†	5/6	40.7 (23–56)
Frigon and Dickson [19]	2001	IV	1	1/0	52
Altman et al. [4]	2000	IV	2	0/2	50.5 (48–53)
Westphal et al. [69]	1999	IV	1	0/1	53
Vanderschot et al. [68]	1998	IV	2	2/0	34 (33–35)
Ebraheim et al. [16]	1998	IV	4	1/3	43.5 (25–63)
Matta et al. [39]	1996	IV	37	18/19	34 (6–71)
De Boeck et al. [11]	1995	IV	1	1/0	51
Pavlov et al. [50]	1982	IV	2	0/2	30 (25–35)
Hallel and Malkin [31]	1982	IV	1	0/1	73
Pennal and Massiah [51]	1980	IV	42	39/3	35 (19–60)
Elton [18]	1972	IV	1	1/0	36
Totals/averages		IV	437	228/206	47.2 (6–88)

* Values expressed as means, with ranges in parentheses; ^†11 reported nonunion cases but two with full documentation; NA = not available.