Table 3.
Final corrective treatment
| Study | Final treatment | Number of patients | Three-staged operations | Two-staged operations | One-staged operations | Duration (hours)* | Blood loss (mL)* | Postoperative followup* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schofer et al. [61] | ORIF + grafting (ABG) | 2 | 2 | NA | NA | 12 weeks | ||
| Oransky and Tortora [47] | ORIF + grafting (ABG) | 55 | 30 | 10 | 15 | 6 (2–10) | 700 (200–5000) | 5.85 years (16 months–14 years) |
| Oakley et al. [46] | ORIF + grafting (allograft) | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 2 years | ||
| Matta and Yerasimides [40] | ORIF + grafting (ABG) | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 10 weeks | ||
| Giannoudis et al. [25] | ORIF + grafting (ABG + BMP7) | 4 | 1 | 8 | NA | NA | 16 months (12–27 months) | |
| ORIF + grafting (BMP7) | 6 | |||||||
| Delloye et al. [12] | ORIF + grafting (allograft) | 3 | 3 | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Rousseau et al. [59] | ORIF + grafting (ABG) | 8 | 8 | 4.6 (NA) | 1050 (NA) | 10 months (4–26 months) | ||
| Beaule et al. [6] | ORIF | 2 | 2 | 2, 8 | 300, 2500 | 39 months | ||
| Mears and Velyvis [42] | ORIF + grafting (ABG) | 161 | 186 | 18 | NA | NA | 8.7 years (2–20 years) | |
| ORIF | 43 | |||||||
| Huegli et al. [32] | ORIF + grafting (ABG) | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 3 months | ||
| Mears and Velyvis [43] | ORIF + grafting (ABG) | 8 | 44 | NA | NA | 4 years (2–11 years) | ||
| ORIF + grafting (allograft) | 10 | |||||||
| ORIF | 26 | |||||||
| Frigon and Dickson [19] | ORIF + grafting (ABG) | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 14 months | ||
| Altman et al. [4] | ORIF | 2 | 2 | 1.1, 1.4 | 12, 25 | 20, 40 months | ||
| Vanderschot et al. [68] | ORIF + grafting (ABG) | 2 | 2 | 7, 8 | 1600, 2000 | 14 months | ||
| Ebraheim et al. [16] | ORIF + grafting (ABG) | 1 | 1 | 3 | NA | NA | 13 months | |
| ORIF | 3 | |||||||
| Matta et al. [39] | ORIF + grafting (ABG) | 19 | 26 | 9 | 2 | 7 (1.5–10.5) | 1977 (200–7200) | 3 years 11 months (9 months–11 years) |
| ORIF | 18 | |||||||
| Pavlov et al. [50] | Nonoperative | 2 | NA | NA | 5, 35 months | |||
| Hallel and Malkin [31] | Nonoperative | 1 | NA | NA | 24 months | |||
| Pennal and Massiah [51] | Nonoperative | 24 | 18 | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Grafting (ABG) | 2 | |||||||
| ORIF + grafting (ABG) | 2 | |||||||
| Ex-Fix + grafting (ABG) | 14 | |||||||
| Elton [18] | Débridement | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | NA |
* Values expressed as means, with ranges in parentheses; ORIF = open reduction and internal fixation; ABG = autologous bone grafting; Ex-Fix = external fixation; NA = not available.