Table 1.
Demographic characteristics, ADI-R and CARS mean scores of the total sample (n = 64)
| Variable | AD children | PDDNOS children | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 34 | 30 | |
| Boy/girl | 29/5 | 26/4 | |
| Age (years) | |||
| M | 4.1 | 4.1 | |
| SD | 0.8158 | 1.2998 | |
| Age distribution (years) | |||
| 3 | 14 | 17 | |
| 4 | 15 | 4 | |
| 5 | 3 | 8 | |
| 6 | 2 | – | |
| 7 | – | – | |
| 8 | – | 1 | |
| ADI-R, ADOS, and CARS scores | |||
| ADI-RSI (cut-off for autism = 10) | |||
| M | 18.4 | 12.5 | p < 0.001 |
| SD | 5 | 5.8 | |
| ADI-C (NVC cut-off for autism = 7; VC cut-off for autism = 8) | |||
| M | 11.6 | 8.4 | p < 0.001 |
| SD | 2.5 | 2.9 | |
| ADI-R-RSB (cut-off for autism = 3) | |||
| M | 4.8 | 3.4 | p < 0.001 |
| SD | 1.1 | 2 | |
| ADI-R Developmental deficit evident before 36 months (cut-off for autism = 1) | |||
| M | 4 | 3.1 | p = 0.001 |
| SD | 0.8 | 1.4 | |
| ADOS module ½ comm. (cutoff for autism = 4/5; cutoff for autism spectrum disorder = 2/3) | |||
| M | 6.7 | 2.5 | p < 0.001 |
| SD | 1.7 | 0.5 | |
| ADOS module ½ soc. (cutoff for autism = 7/6; cutoff for autism spectrum disorder = 4/4) | |||
| M | 9.0 | 4.7 | p < 0.001 |
| SD | 1.7 | 0.7 | |
| ADOS module ½ comm + soc. (cutoff for autism = 12/12; cutoff for autism spectrum disorder 7/8) | |||
| M | 15.5 | 7.2 | p < 0.001 |
| SD | 3.3 | 1.0 | |
| CARS (cut-off for autism = 30) | |||
| M | 36.1 | 29.4 | p < 0.001 |
| SD | 4.7 | 3.4 |
Abbreviations: ADI-R, Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised; ADOS, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule; CARS, Childhood Autism Rating Scale; CI, confidence interval; comm, Communication Domain; NVC, Nonverbal and Verbal Communication Domain; RSI, Reciprocal Social Interaction Domain; RSB, Repetitive and Stereotyped Behavior Domain; SD, standard deviation; soc, Social Domain.