Table 1.

Anticholinergics used in the management of COPD

Drug	Metered dose inhaler (μg)	Nebulizer (mg)	Time to peak effect (hr)	Duration (hr)
ipratropium	40–80	0.25–0.5	1–2	4–6
oxitropium	200	–	1–2	6–7
albuterol–ipratropiuma	90/18	–	1–2	6–8
tiotropium	18	–	2–3	24–36

Adapted from Dollery (1991), Bauer (1992), Gross (1988), Lipson (2004).

^acombined β₂-agonist and anticholinergic.