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. 2009 May-Jun;16(3):e6–e17. doi: 10.1155/2009/872921

Figure 3).

Figure 3)

Meta-analyses for open suction versus closed suction on ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Top analysis: number of patients with ventilator-assisted pneumonia (VAP). Bottom analysis: Incidence of VAP per 1000 patient days. No significant difference between interventions. df Degrees of freedom; N Number of patients in the group; n Number of patients with VAP; pts Patients