TABLE 7.

Miscellaneous studies

Author (reference), study design	Description of groups and interventions	Outcome measures	Summary of main results
Frengley et al (51), RCO	Sample: Patients in ICU requiring MV following cardiac surgery (n=16) Intervention 1: Pressure control mode Intervention 2: Volume control mode Intervention 3: CPAP-PSV proximal (2 cm from tip of ETT) and distal (10 cm to 12 cm from tip of ETT) airway pressures measured during CS	Airway pressure End-expiratory pressure	On insertion of catheter, end-expiratory pressure increased in both interventions 1 and 2 (P<0.001), with intervention 2 greater than intervention 1 (P=0.018) Decrease in airway pressure for intervention 2 was less than for interventions 1 or 3 (P<0.001)
Vandenberg et al (53), RCO	Sample: One investigator (six trials for each condition), n=1 Intervention 1: Yankauer with 0.25 in tubing Intervention 2: 0.25 inch suction tip with 0.25 in tubing Intervention 3: 5/8 inch suction tip with 0.75 in tubing Viscosity levels: 1. Water; 2. Activated charcoal; 3. Vegetable soup Suction pressure was −500 mmHg	Mean oropharyngeal evacuation time	Intervention 3 system was faster than other systems for charcoal (P<0.001) Intervention 3 system was faster than intervention 1 (P<0.004) and intervention 2 (P<0.002) for vegetable soup

CPAP-PSV Continuous positive airway pressure - pressure support ventilation; CS Closed suctioning; ETT endotracheal tube; ICU intensive care unity; MV mechanical ventilation; RCO Randomized crossover study