Fig. 2.

Multidimensional scaling analyses of pollination syndromes in African Marantaceae: (A) all species; (B) bee-pollinated species only. Data include: floral morphology, nectar volume and concentration and pollen load per theca (taken from Ley, 2008), presence/absence of distinct colours (white, violet, red, yellow, blue), nectar guides and conspicuous outer staminodes, open or locked flower entrances and the vertical or horizontal orientation of the flower. Circles summarize Marantaceae species pollinated by the same pollinator.