Table 2.
Flower morphometric data and pollinator observations
| Pollination (visits population−1 h−1) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bees |
Birds | Other visitors | ||||||||||||
| Small | Medium-sized |
Large |
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| Flower characteristics |
Halictidae | Apidae | Anthophoridae |
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| Flower colour | n | a (mm) | b (mm) | c (mm) | t | Thrinchostoma spp.2/Allodapula ornaticeps3 | Thrinchostoma bicometes | Amegilla vivida | Xylocopa nigrita | Xylocopa varipes | Megachile sp.12, M. sp.23 | Cyanomitra olivaceus cf. | Butterfly | |
| Small (horizontal) flowers | ||||||||||||||
| Mara cong | w | 7 | 7·35 ± 0·47 | 5·10 ± 0·25 | 1·00 | 10·75 | 0·52 ± 0·452 | |||||||
| Mara fili | r | 10 | 9·55 ± 0·5 | 3·30 ± 0·65 | 1·50 | 21·00 | 0·99 ± 0·772 | |||||||
| Mara ince (Ma) | w | 1 | 7·00 | 1·00 | 15·00 | 0·33 ± 0·072 | ||||||||
| Mara ince (MC) | w | 3 | 7·00 ± 0·00 | 5·00 ± 0·00 | 1·00 | ? | ||||||||
| Mara leuc | w | 5 | 4·88 ± 0·45 | 3·60 ± 0·65 | 1·00 | ? | ||||||||
| Mara mono | w | 3 | 5·66 ± 0·57 | 3·50 ± 0·86 | 1·00 | 14·50 | 1·10 ± 0·053 | |||||||
| Sarc brac | Rose | 2 | 11·00 ± 0 | 5·00 ± 0·00 | 1·00 | 12·25 | 1·74 ± 1·222 | |||||||
| Sarc prio | Rose | 4 | 9·50 ± 0·57 | 5·88 ± 0·62 | 1·00 | 24·75 | 3·00 ± 2·462 | |||||||
| Sarc schw | Beige | 2 | 9·50 ± 0·7 | 5·50 ± 0·00 | 1·00 | 12·25 | ? | # | ||||||
| Large (horizontal) flowers | ||||||||||||||
| Halo azur | bl | 15 | 10·06 ± 1·53 | 9·33 ± 1·03 | 2·00 | 26·00 | 0·67 ± 0·39 | 0·05 ± 0·13 | 0·41 ± 0·45 | |||||
| Hyps hirs | v | 8 | 18·75 ± 1·28 | 9·75 ± 1·14 | 2·00 | 26·00 | 0·49 ± 0·63 | 0·28 ± 0·58 | 0·79 ± 1·17 | |||||
| Hyps pogg | v | 9 | 16·50 ± 1·06 | 9·06 ± 2·10 | 2·00 | 13·00 | 0·82 ± 1·27 | 0·91 ± 1·31 | ||||||
| Hyps scan | v | 8 | 17·50 ± 1·19 | 11·75 ± 1·04 | 2·00 | 14·00 | 2·78 ± 1·68 | 1·874 ± 1·35 | ||||||
| Hyps viol | v | 3 | 19·00 ± 1·00 | 7·67 ± 1·52 | 2·00 | # | ||||||||
| Mara sp.1 nov. | w | 4 | 15·25 ± 0·5 | 9·00 ± 0·00 | 3·00 | 27·25 | 1·45 ± 1·43 | |||||||
| Mara purp | p | 7 | 11·78 ± 0·39 | 7·42 ± 1·13 | 2·00 | 9·75 | 3·66 ± 2·98 | 1·45 ± 1·05 | ||||||
| Trach brau | v | 3 | 21·00 ± 1 | 11·00 ± 1·00 | 2·00 | 8·00 | 2·14 ± 1·11 | 0·36 ± 0·51 | ||||||
| Medium-sized (horizontal) flowers | ||||||||||||||
| Mega gabo | r, y | 3 | 10·00 ± 0 | 7·00 ± 0·00 | 1·00 | 18·00 | 0·12 ± 0·13 | 1·89 ± 2·17 | 0·03 ± 0·052 | 0·32 ± 0·50 | 0·69 ± 0·56 | |||
| Mega macr | r, y | 5 | 15·20 ± 0·44 | 7·50 ± 0·70 | 1·00 | 19·00 | 0·33 ± 0·30 | 0·77 ± 0·16 | ||||||
| Locked (horizontal) flowers | ||||||||||||||
| Haum danc | w | 3 | 10·3 ± 0·12 | 2·00 ± 0·00 | 2·00 | 31·50 | 0·30 ± 0·46 | 0·66 ± 0·80 | 3·56 ± 4·153 | 0·06 ± 0·15 | 0·58 ± 0·86 | |||
| Haum lieb | w | 2 | 10·00 ± 0 | 2·00 ± 0·00 | 2·00 | ? | ||||||||
| Thal geni | v | 1 | 8·00 | 3·00 | 2·00 | |||||||||
| (Large) vertical flowers | ||||||||||||||
| Afro rhiz (MA) | w | 5 | 24·40 ± 2·07 | 4·25 ± 1·70 | 9·50 | 0·08 ± 0·17 | 0·0·22 ± 0·26 | |||||||
| Afro rhiz (MC) | w | 22·25 | 0·66 ± 0·45 | |||||||||||
| Atae conf | w, r br | 8 | 18·19 ± 0·65 | 7·69 ± 1·34 | 1·00 | 42·25 | # | 0·98 ± 0·82 | 0·29 ± 0·59 | |||||
| Mara cord | w, y | 10 | 18·75 ± 2·32 | 8·33 ± 1·37 | 2·00 | 7·75 | 0·36 ± 0·50 | 0·23 ± 0·32 | 0·52 ± 0·38 | |||||
| Mara sp.2 nov. | w | 5 | 17·70 ± 1·09 | 11·70 ± 0·97 | 2·50 | 19·50 | ? | |||||||
| Mara sp.3 nov. | w | 4 | 17·87 ± 1·43 | 8·26 ± 0·48 | 2·00 | 15·00 | 0·20 ± 0·17 | 1·11 ± 0·74 | ||||||
| Mega tric | r, y | 10 | 14·30 ± 0·94 | 8·81 ± 0·75 | 2·00 | 20·50 | 0·95 ± 1·12 | |||||||
| Thau dani | w | ? | ||||||||||||
| Thau sp.1 nov. | y | 5 | 25·00 ± 1 | 8·60 ± 0·54 | 2·50 | 20·00 | 0·56 ± 0·40 | |||||||
Flower measurements: a, length of fleshy staminode; b, distance between flower entrance and nectar; c, width of flower entrance; minute deviations not shown (for floral measurements see Fig. 1).
t, hours of observation (total = 500·75 h)
bl, blue; br, bract; p, purple; r, red; v, violet; w, white; y, yellow.
Dominant pollinators are indicated in bold; #, single observation; ?, assumed pollinator.
The superscript numbers in the ‘Bees’ columns correspond with the superscript numbers behind the data in the column, e.g. for Thrinchostoma spp.2 all numbers in the same column with the same superscript number, e.g. 0·52+0·452, concern Thrinchostoma spp. only and not Allodapula ornaticeps.