(A) Four representative candidate genes for each region were chosen for validation. The fold changes and p values calculated for each region are listed. The region-specific mRNA expression patterns of all 12 genes in astroglial cells confirmed the microarray results. Less consistent patterns of brain region-specific gene expression were observed in neural stem cells (NSCs) and brain tissues from these distinct brain regions. Graphic representation of the data presented in (A) are shown for independently-generated astroglial cell cultures (B), NSCs (C), and whole brain tissue (D). Error bars represent the mean±SEM. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.