Table 3. Example Table: Quality measures of the randomized controlled trials that failed to fulfill any one of six markers of validity.

Trials	Concealment of Randomisation	RCT Stopped Early	Patients Blinded	Health Care Providers Blinded	Data Collectors Blinded	Outcome Assessors Blinded
Liu	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Stone	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Polderman	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes
Zaugg	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
Urban	Yes	Yes	No	No, except anesthesiologists	Yes	Yes

RCT, randomized controlled trial.

Adapted from [96].