Figure 1. Tests to measure generalized joint laxity. A, Fifth-finger hyperextension test. Each participant's forearm, wrist, and fingers were stabilized on a flat table. The tester passively extended the participant's fifth finger as far as possible without pain. Hyperextension of 90° or greater resulted in a score of 1. Hyperextension of less than 90° resulted in a score of 0. B, Elbow hyperextension test. Each participant's shoulder was positioned with the forearm supinated. The axis of the goniometer was placed over the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, with the distal end aligned with the radial styloid process and the proximal arm aligned along the lateral midline of the participant's humerus. If elbow hyperextension was 10° or greater, a score of 1 was given. Hyperextension of less than 10° resulted in a score of 0. C, Thumb opposition test. Each participant flexed the wrist and pulled the thumb toward the forearm using the opposite hand. If the thumb could be abducted to touch the forearm, a score of 1 was given. Inability to touch the forearm resulted in a score of 0. D, Knee hyperextension test. Each participant was placed in a supine position with a box placed under both ankles. The axis of the goniometer was aligned with the lateral epicondyle of the femur. The distal arm was positioned with the lateral malleolus, and the proximal arm was aligned with the greater trochanter. Hyperextension of the knee to 10° or greater resulted in a score of 1; anything less than 10° resulted in a score of 0. E, Palms to floor test. Each participant was instructed to keep both knees extended and attempt to touch the floor with the palms flat to the floor. The ability to touch both palms flat on the floor resulted in a score of 1. If the participant was unable to place both palms flat on the floor, a score of 0 was given. Reprinted from Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 11(3), Quatman CE, Ford KR, Myer GD, Paterno MV, Hewett TE, The effects of gender and pubertal status on generalized joint laxity in young athletes, 257–263, 2008, with permission from Elsevier. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/14402440.