Table 1.
Summary of co-morbidity studies: Prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity in COPD patients
| Author | Sample/control group | Psychiatric assessment methods Findings | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| McSweeny et al 1982 | 203 COPD, nocturnal oxygen treatment 73 healthy controls (HC) | Self-report: MMPIPOMS, SIP | Depression 42% in COPDvs 9% in | |
| HC | ||||
| Prigatano et al 1984 | 985 COPD outpatients | Self report: POMS, SIP | No prevalence figures. | |
| 25 HC | POMS anxiety and depression score significantly higher in COPD group | |||
| Yellowlees et al 1987 | 50 COPD inpatients with exacerbation | Psychiatric interview: DSM-III diagnoses | Panic anxiety 24% | |
| Generalized anxiety 10% | ||||
| Depression 12% | ||||
| Karajgi et al 1990 | 50 COPD outpatients | Psychiatric interview: DSM-III diagnoses | Anxiety disorders 16% | |
| Mood disorders 8% | ||||
| Isoaho et al 1995 | 82 COPD community sample | Self-report: Zung Depression Scale | Depression, men 26% vs 18% | |
| 246 HC | Depression, women 33% vs 20%, | |||
| Differences non-significant | ||||
| Engstrøm et al 1996 | 68 COPD in- and outpatients | Self-report: HADS | Depression 7% vs 1% | |
| 89 HC | Anxiety 13% vs 6% | |||
| Differences significant | ||||
| Yohannes et al 2000 | 137 COPD outpatients | Psychiatric interview and self-report: MADRS | Clinical depression in 42% 2/3 of these patients moderately depressed (MADRS) | |
| Geriatric Mental Health Scale | ||||
| Dowson et al 2001 | 79 COPD inpatients | Self-report:HADS | Depression 28% | |
| Anxiety 50% | ||||
| Lacasse et al 2001 | 109 COPD, home care | Self-report: SF-36 | Depressive symptoms 57% | |
| GDS | ||||
| Aghanwa and Erhabor 2001 | 30 COPD outpatients | Self report and interview: GHQ-30 | Depression 16.7% anxiety 10% in COPD group | |
| 30 hypertensive patients | ||||
| 30 HC | PSE | Significantly less in control groups | ||
| Aydin and Ulusahin 2001 | 38 COPD inpatients 120 tuberculosis patients | Self report: GHQ-12 | Depression and/or anxiety 47.3% | |
| Prevalence 19%–26% in control group | ||||
| Differences significant | ||||
| Stage et al 2003 | 49 COPD outpatients | Psychiatric interview: ICD-10 diagnoses | Major depression 33% | |
| Hamilton Rating Scales for anxiety and depression | Mild depression 14% | |||
Abbreviations: GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; GHQ, General Health Questioner; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HC, healthy controls; MADRS, Montgomery-Asberg Rating Scale; MMPI, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Intervention; POMS, Profile of Mood States; SIP, Sickness Impact Profile.