Table 4.

Relationship of Survival to Observation of Gasping by Bystander CPR and Collapse-to-Arrival Time

		Survival
	Gasping (n)	% (n)	OR (95% CI)
All cardiac arrest (n=1218)
	No (1027)	7.8 (80)	1.00
	Yes (191)	28.3 (54)	3.4 (2.2–5.2)†
Bystander CPR performed (n)
Yes (481)	No (404)	9.4 (38)	1.00
	Yes (77)	39.0 (30)	5.1 (2.7–9.4)†
No (737)	No (623)	6.7 (42)	1.00
	Yes (114)	21.1 (24)	2.4 (1.2–4.3)*
Collapse-to-arrival time, min (n)
<7 (363)	No (290)	12.8 (37)	1.00
	Yes (73)	46.6 (34)	6.0 (3.2–11.1)†
7–9 (360)	No (310)	5.8 (18)	1.00
	Yes (50)	18.0 (9)	3.8 (1.5–9.9)*
>9 (338)	No (313)	2.9 (9)	1.00
	Yes (25)	16.0 (4)	5.7 (1.4–22.0)*
Collapse after EMS arrival (n=119)
	No (80)	20.0 (16)	1.00
	Yes (39)	17.9 (7)	1.02 (0.3–2.9)

Model is adjusted for age, gender, location of cardiac arrest, bystander CPR performed, collapse-to–EMS-arrival time, VF, and method of professional resuscitation (CPR vs CCR).

^*P<0.01;

^†P<0.001.