Table 1.

List of characters for which data were scored and used in ecological pair construction and invasive–native comparisons.

Character	Character state
Climatic origin	Tropical, temperate, Mediterranean type-ecosystems (MTE)
Habitat type	Disturbed areas, coastal areas, lakes and rivers, shrub and woodland
Growth form	Woody, herbaceous, climber
Start, end and length of flowering of invasive and native species in the three MTEs	January to December (months)*
Pollination type	Animal, wind

* Flowering times for the Cape region were transformed to the Northern Hemisphere calendar.