Table 1.

A literature survey of the effects of water stress on the activity of selected enzymes in a number of C₄ species

			Effect
Species	Assay basis	Stress indicator	Rubisco	PEPC	NADP-ME	PPDK	NR	Reference
Zea mays	Leaf area	Ψleaf = –1·17 MPa	↓ by 20 %	↓ by 30 %	↓ by 33 %		↓ by 98 %	Becker and Fock (1986)
	Chlorophyll	Ψleaf = –1·2 MPa		↑ slightly			↓ by 90 %	Foyer et al. (1998)
	Leaf area	RWC = 50 %	↓ by 75 %					Lal and Edwards (1996)
	Leaf area	RWC = 50 %		↔	↔			Saccardy et al. (1996)
Saccharum sp.	Leaf area	Ψleaf = –1·61 MPa	↓ by 50 %	↓ by 55 %	↓ by 73 %	↓ by 89 %		Du et al. (1996)
	Dry weight	Ψleaf = –1·36 MPa	↔	↑ slightly				Saliendra et al. (1996)
Amaranthus cruentus	Leaf area	RWC = 50 %	↓ by 75 %					Lal and Edwards (1996)
Setaria sphacelata	Total protein	RWC = 40 %	↓ by 30 %					Marques da Silva and Arrabaça (2004a)
Paspalum dilatatum	Dry weight	RWC = 50 %	↔	↔				Carmo-Silva et al. (2007)
Cynodon dactylon		RWC = 80 %	↓ by 18 %	↔
Zoysia japonica		RWC = 80 %	↓ by 18 %	↓ by 50 %

↑, increase; ↓, decrease; ↔, no significant change.