Figure 6.

Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis of candidate genes affecting aggressive behavior. Levels of mRNA for each gene (white bars) are depicted relative to the level in the co-isogenic control (black bars). mRNA levels were assessed at four developmental time periods: embryos aged 10–12 h after egg laying (E), third instar larvae (L), pupae (P), and adults (heads [H] and headless bodies [B]). Only larvae and adults could be obtained for sgl mutants. Standard errors were obtained using Ct values normalized to an internal control (Gapdh1). The significance of two-tailed Student's t-tests conducted on linearized Ct values are depicted by asterisks (*: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; ***: P < 0.001).