Effects of time and resistance on the change in expiratory volume. Rates of changes of volume after a similar given change of alveolar pressure in a subject with normal respiratory system resistance (—) and a resistance 3 times greater (---) such as in COPD, assuming a constant compliance. Note the marked effect of resistance on the volume change, particularly when the available time is shortened.
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.