Table 2.
Summary of trials on BD measuring resting or dynamic hyperinflations an outcome
| Ref | FEV1 (%) | “n”/design | Intervention | Duration | Resting PFT | Resting hyperinflation | Exercise hyperinflation | Exercise dyspnea | Endurance time CLE | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single dose | ||||||||||
| (Belman et al 1996) | 40 (3) | 13 cross-over against placebo | 200μg of salbutamol | Improvement in FEV1 and FVC | Improved | Improved | ||||
| (Newton et al 2002) | 52 (1)//78(1)* | 281 TLC>133% and 676 TLC 113%–133%)//retrospective | 200μg of salbutamol | ~30% improved FEV1 | Reduced FRC RV// | TLC was also reduced by BD. overall sensitivity may improve up to ~66% by measuring changes in lung volumes. | ||||
| (Ramirez-Venegas et al 1997) | 52 (13) | 16 with positive BD test//cross-over against placebo | 50μg of salmeterol | Improvement in FEV1 and FVC | Reduced FRC | lower dyspnea during resistive breathing | ||||
| (Boni et al 2002) | 47 (18) | 20//11 with FL | 400μg of salbutamol | No changes in FEV1 | Improvement in IC only in FL | Improved | Changes in dyspnea correlated with improvements in resting IC | |||
| (Di Marco et al 2993) | 52 (3)* | 20//cross-over against placebo | 200μg of salbutamol//12μg of formoterol//50μg of salmeterol//200μg of oxytropium | Improvement in FEV1 | Increased IC | Fomoterol better than salmeterol and than oxytropium//Those with decrease IC achieved a larger effect | ||||
| Long-term | ||||||||||
| (Celli et al 2003) | 43 (12) | 40/41//placebo controlled | Tiotropium 18μg/d | 4 weeks | Improvement in FEV1, FVC, SVC, | Increased IC and decreased FRC | ||||
| (O’Donnell et al 2004a) | 44 (13) | 96/91//placebo controlled | Tiotropium 18μg/d | 6 weeks | Improvement VC, but not FEV1, | Increased IC and decreased FRC | Improved | Improved | 105 (40)s (21%) >than | |
| (Maltais et al 2005) | 43 (13) | 131/117//placebo controlled | Tiotropium 18μg/d | 6 weeks | Improvement VC, but not FEV1, | Increased IC and decreased FRC | Improved | Improved | 171 (58) s> than placebo | Effects seen at 2.5h still at 8h |
| (O’Donnell2004c) | 42 (3)* | 23//cross-over against placebo | Salmeterol (50μg bid) added to the daily drug regimen. | 2 weeks | Increased FEV1, Improved | Increased IC | Improved | Improved | Increased In peak oxygen uptake and VT at 10w incremental test. | |
| (Man et al 2004) | 32 (4) | 16 “no reversible”//cross-over against placebo | Salmeterol (50μg bid) added to the daily drug regimen. | 2 weeks | No effect on FEV1, FVC, SVC, | Decreased RV/TLC | Improved | Improved | No improvement | Changes in dyspnea correlated with improvements DH and esophageal pressure |
Note: Values are men with standard deviation within parenthesis; except *SEM.