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. 2006 Dec;1(4):485–492. doi: 10.2147/copd.2006.1.4.485

Table 4.

Odds ratios of current symptoms for childhood ETS exposure, childhood lower respiratory infections, personal smoking, and family history of emphysema

Symptom Childhood ETS Ever Smoker Childhood respiratory infections Family history of emphysema
Cough 1.56 (0.94–2.57) 1.78 (1.18–2.94) 1.12 (0.67–1.84) 1.00 (0.62–1.61)
Wheeze 1.28 (0.76–2.15) 2.64 (1.59–4.41) 2.05 (1.21–3.51) 2.03 (1.11–3.21)
Dyspnea 1.13 (0.69–1.85) 2.28 (1.37–3.79) 1.63 (1.00–2.66) 1.03 (0.60–1.49)

Abbreviations: ETS, environmental tobacco smoke.

Note: Bold indicates statistical significance.